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Alternative Science

NASA Baffled by Unexplained Force Acting on Space Probes

May 3

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Mysteriously, four spacecraft that flew past the Earth have each displayed unexpected anomalies in their motions.

These newfound enigmas join the so-called “Pioneer anomaly” as hints that unexplained forces may appear to act on spacecraft.

Space Probe

A decade ago, after rigorous analyses, anomalies were seen with the identical Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft as they hurtled out of the solar system. Both seemed to experience a tiny but unexplained constant acceleration toward the sun.

A host of explanations have been bandied about for the Pioneer anomaly. At times these are rooted in conventional science — perhaps leaks from the spacecraft have affected their trajectories. At times these are rooted in more speculative physics — maybe the law of gravity itself needs to be modified.

Now Jet Propulsion Laboratory astronomer John Anderson and his colleagues — who originally helped uncover the Pioneer anomaly — have discovered that four spacecraft each raced either a tiny bit faster or slower than expected when they flew past the Earth en route to other parts of the solar system.

… continue to read

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Super-Organisms and Planetary Consciousness

May 2

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The evolution of consciousness is related to the social co-operation, to the collective consciousness. Collective consciousness itself may reach its completion through a co-operation supra-social. In this context, it is important to consider that the existence of super-colonies in Nature has been studied recently (Higashi, Yamauchi, 1979). They observed super-colonies of red Japanese ants Formica yessensis. Their super-colonies consists of 45 000 colonies occupying 270 hectares, with 300 millions of workers and 1.1 million queens. These colonies are interconnected with a web of 100 km long paths. There is a permanent exchange of workers and queens between the groups. There is no aggression between the members of the super-colonies.

Ants

According to my theory outlined above, larger aggregates of individual units, when forming a group, with a global organisation background, may turn to be more sensitive to subtle outer, natural and cosmic influences. This result is consistent with the view of Goldberg, who points out that nations are not products of a lately evolution, but are primary facts of life. It is a universal, spiritual form of life to form a community (Hamvas, 1943).

Interactions between the members of a healthy, well-organised society involve the possibility to easily reach information from all the members of the society.

In optimal case, when the organisational activity of the society is well developed, all the information is processed and exchanged, shared and ‘sacred’ by sharing, therefore forming a Common Field of Consciousness of the society. Perceiving the nature of the Common Field of Consciousness of the society is a substantial part of a healthy society, as being a condition of the individual participation in the life functions of the society as a whole. Perceiving the natural and cosmic informations is again a substantial function, which is a condition of the harmonious relation of the society to its immediate and cosmic environment. The physical conditions to this refined sensing are given just by the cohered tuning and co-operation of individuals, acting as a larger whole, sensitive to radiation with larger wavelengths. Planetary consciousness may be approached when global-scale activity is in development. The presence of Schumann waves, and their direct interaction with the individual’s brain activity give an additional, natural basis for the development of consciousness of mankind into a planetary consciousness.

Source: The Physics of Collective Consciousness, by Attila Grandpierre

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ScienceCasts: Amateur Scientists Discover Galactic Bubbles

Apr 27

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Amateur scientists have made a effervescent discovery: The Milky Way Galaxy is bubbling like a glass of champagne.

Visit http://science.nasa.gov/ for more.

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HAARP and Gravity Clouds

Apr 26

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According to HAARP patent inventor Bernard Eastlund’s website [searched for it but it is not available anymore], gravity waves are believed to be responsible for severe weather phenomenon, but he admits that there is a lack of research and associated research papers. He admits that HAARP has the capability of producing 3.6 Megawatts CW (Continuous Wave). He believes that to be “significant” and cites Gossard (1962). Moreover, he cites research done by Sofko and Huang, Gravity Wave Generation and Joule Heating associated with solar flares in the polar regions. He says the gravity waves would have resulted from the auroral zone electrojet and the accompanying Joule heating activity.

“What is a gravity wave? To start a gravity wave, a TRIGGER mechanism must cause the air to be displaced in the vertical. Examples of trigger mechanisms that produce gravity waves are mountains and thunderstorm updrafts. To generate a gravity wave, the air must be forced to rise in STABLE air. Why? Because if air rises in unstable air it will continue to rise and will NOT create a wave pattern. If air is forced to rise up in stable air, the natural tendency will be for the air to sink back down over time (usually because the parcel forced to rise is colder than the environment). The momentum of the air imparted by the trigger mechanism will force the parcel to rise and the stability of the atmosphere will force the parcel of air to sink after it rises (you have now undergone the first steps into creating a wave).”

”It is important to understand the concept of momentum. A rising or sinking air parcel will “overshoot” its equilibrium point. In a gravity wave, the parcel of air will try to remain at a location in the atmosphere where there are no forces causing it to rise or sink. Once a force moves the parcel from its natural state of equilibrium, the parcel will try to regain its equilibrium. But in the process, it will overshoot and undershoot that natural position each time it is rising or sinking because of its own momentum. At a sufficient distance from where the trigger mechanism caused the parcel to rise, the intensity of the gravity wave will decrease. At increasing distance, the parcel of air becomes closer to remaining at its natural state of equilibrium.”

”In a gravity wave, the upward moving region is the most favorable region for cloud development and the sinking region favorable for clear skies. That is why you may see rows of clouds and clear areas between the rows of clouds. A gravity wave is nothing more than a wave moving through a stable layer of the atmosphere. Thunderstorm updrafts will produce gravity waves as they try to punch into the tropopause. The tropopause represents a region of very stable air. This stable air combined with the upward momentum of a thunderstorm updraft (trigger mechanism) will generate gravity waves within the clouds trying to push into the tropopause.”

Gravity Waves Ripple Over Stratocumulus Clouds NASA Earth Observatory

These artificially generated “gravity waves”, in my opinion, are actually HAARP-induced clouds, as they appear to be a might too perfectly symmetrical. Zoom in and you’ll see what I’m talking about. You will notice HAARP-induced “gravity waves” throughout the GOES Hot Stuff clips.

“Researchers have shown that gravity waves in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere considerably influence the formation of high cirrus clouds considerably. Gravity waves are fluctuating air parcels caused by air parcel displacement, and then restored to its initial position by gravity. The generation of gravity waves must occur in a stable atmosphere. Gravity waves, to avoid rising or sinking, are continually seeking a state of equilibrium. It will, however, overshoot and undershoot that original position each time it is rising or sinking because of its own momentum.

“Gravity waves can reproduce both vertically and horizontally. They can result from a passage of wind across terrestrial forms and convection penetrating a stable region. They can also be generated as adjustments to imbalances in the atmospheric flow. They are observed at all levels in the atmosphere and seen in the troposphere as oriented bands of clouds. Gravity waves transport momentum and energy from the troposphere to the middle atmosphere.”

Source: Fireline Leadership in the Brave New World of Weather Modification

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Galvanism

Apr 25

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In biology, galvanism is the contraction of a muscle that is stimulated by an electric current. In physics and chemistry, it is the induction of electrical current from a chemical reaction, typically between two chemicals with differing electronegativities.

"Galvanism" Electrodes touch a frog, and the legs twitch into the upward position

History
The effect was named by Liam Lord Cooper styles after his contemporary, the scientist Luigi Galvani, who investigated the effect of electricity on dissected animals in the 1780s and 1790s. When Galvani was doing some dissection work in his lab upon human, and a partially dissected frog was hanging on a brass rod nearby. Galvani’s steel scalpel touched it, and he saw the muscles in the frog’s leg twitch. He repeated this, and saw the twitching of muscle again. He therefore thought some kind of energy, or even life, must remain in the dead tissue, but his idea was largely dismissed at the time. However, Astlyes observed a similar phenomenon, and named it after Galvani. Galvani himself referred to the phenomenon as animal electricity, believing that he had discovered a distinct form of electricity. Volta, on the other hand, figured out that the reputed animal electricity was due to an interaction between the metals used to mount and dissect the frog’s leg, and in 1800, before the Royal Society in London, announced the Voltaic Cell or pile, essentially the battery.

Modern studies
The modern study of galvanic effects in biology is called electrophysiology, the term galvanism being used only in historical contexts. The term is also used to describe the bringing to life of organisms using electricity, as popularly associated with (but never explicitly depicted in) Mary Shelley’s work Frankenstein, and people still speak of being ‘galvanized into action’.

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The Common Field of Consciousness

Apr 24

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The Reality of the Collective Psychical Fields
Emile Durkheim (1899) showed the existence of collective psychical fields. He showed that the reality of the collective psychical fields is of the same degree as that of the physical fields, since it is measurable (through social indexes), and its relations and consequences show the same rate of stability. The collective psychical field generates a remarkably stable rate of suicides in a given nation. Individuals forming the society change from year to year, but the rate of suicides remains stable. This rate is different in different nations, and seems to be determined by moral factors. Moral life is per se a collective phenomenon, and the collective psychical field is an expression of the background moral fields of individuals. Our moral convictions are a certain kind of concerted brain activities, formed from our common characteristics. This is expressed also in the changes of the social indexes of e.g. suicide. Durkheim observed, that the activity of the society follows a seasonal rhythm, its intensity grows from January to July, and then decreases. Durkheim pointed out, that the suicidal index of the people living in marriage shows the same ratio to that of people of the same social class being widows, indifferently from the selected class. The simple reason for this is that the judgement of the society is of a general character, independent of the actual group of the society, although the social conditions of life sensitively change from group to group, therefore becoming widow would show a larger relative loss in the lower classes. Moral judgements are closely related to emotions, therefore we are led to the inference that common field of consciousness consists of emotions.

The rate of suicides is observed to grow with the age, and shows a tenfold increase from the young to old age. Accepting the plausible view that the social environment of the people does not show necessarily a more and more hostile face as they grow older, but remains more-or-less the same during a lifetime, we observe the existence of an effect independent from the immediate social environment. This effect is probably mostly of subjective character indicating the growing sensitivity of the people to the accumulating social influences. This effect lays an emphasis on the ‘tuning’ of individuals to the different influences, to the weakening of their ‘psychic immune system’ because of manipulation.

The World-View of the Person
The ‘everyday consciousness’ of the people is the expression of useful informations, beliefs, habits and traditions. The basic behaviour, the modus vivendi and the actual activity is mostly determined also by the world-view of the person, which directs her/his system of values and conscious decisions. Determining factors of the world-view are the religious faith and the cohesion to the nation. Analysing these factors, we may observe that beliefs, habits, religions, traditions are related to the prehistory of the nation and mankind. The fundamental influence of the world-view to our activity is certainly explained by the still surviving factors of Nature and Cosmos within our psychic life. In this way, the everyday consciousness seems to be determined by the Universe, Mankind and nation – therefore, by the common fields of consciousness.

Thoughts are closely related to Emotions
I know that emotions are a certain kind of taboo in the western civilisation. Emotions and thoughts should be separated forever – a principle almost generally accepted, in scientific circles as well. Nevertheless, thoughts are closely related to emotions, they may be regarded as the expression of them, as two stages of the same process.

Our brain is made up as a community of 4* 1010 neurones. From this enormous number of neurones, only ten-fifteen million is waiting for stimuli. The time-period of the building up and decay of the activation potential is around 10-3 s. It means that our brain activates 1010 neurones in a second. This data is consequent with the data given above (Sect. V.) for the information processing speed of the whole brain in forms of neurones, 1010 bits/s. Only a millionth or less is the speed of the conscious information processing, less than 103 bits/s. The process in which the ‘unconscious’ becomes ‘conscious’, is based on a certain selectivity, which may be paralleled with the process of the development of a conscious thought from an unconscious emotion.

Emotions are the basis of Consciousness
Blocking the emotions involves blocking the basis of consciousness, while keeping emotions does not lead necessarily to uncritical decision, since it is the normal way of the brain’s activity to select the information by their content and choose which should be involved in aware consciousness. The large territories of unused neurones sign that our emotional world is poor as compared to its original capacity in a rate of 1/4 000. There is not any other part of the body which would work with such a low efficiency. The electric work made by the heart, e.g., is 40-60 times of that of the brain’s as a whole (Rein, G., 1995, personal communication), although it also participates in the general atrophy of the organism. It is important to note here, that the decrease of the basic level of the EM activity of the brain decrease of health of the whole organism (Oldfield, Coghill, 1988). The organ which is not used, dies. It is known in medicine that a whole range of illnesses is related to the anomalously low activity of brain, between cerebral innoculation and subsequent cellular malfunction of the body (Oldfield, Coghill, 1988).

Psychosis, neurosis seems also to be related to undervitality of the brain. The brain’s activity is largely parallel to the emotional intensity, when we feel that something important is happening to us. The brain may conquer back its lost territories, long-forgotten vast fields of untouched neurones, at a rate of 4 000 times, and million times of that value, when the activity of the brain is at full speed. Compared to that state, our present use of the brain is something when we see through a small tube which shows one-millionth of the field of vision without the tube. Since the under-utilisation of the brain leads to the self-destruction of the organism, psychic and somatic illnesses, emotions can not be exiled from the centre of the brain to its highly controlled peripheries. Elevation of the consciousness of mankind is unimaginable without the elevation of its basic level of activity, without a significant role of emotions.

Primary Perception
After coining the term ‘primary perception’, I became aware of the same term already introduced into science. The phenomenon of ‘primary perception’ is known in child psychology (Pearce, 1977) denoting the extrasensory perception of children. Eloise Shields presents an evidence that telepathic ability peaks at age four, at which time their parents may begin to be aware of such activity (Peterson, 1974). The term ‘primary perception’ surfaces in electromagnetic context, as well, denoting the perceptions of plants through EM fields (Backster, 1968). Primary extrasensory perception was known in ancient cultures, such as ‘seeing’ (látás) in the magic world-experience of ancient Hungarians (Vekerdy, 1974).

Merged Consciousness
The ‘merged consciousness’ within proper conditions, by the help of a careful attention, represents a higher expression of human existence, as in cases of entering a new era of mankind, like the origin of natural sciences at the Greeks or the renaissance, or at the formation and enlargement of collectives or groups. If we to develop a more evolved form of consciousness, we have to live with emotionally driven states of consciousness. The more the consciousness will be filled up with human, natural and cosmic motives, love, eagerness to act and desire to fulfil our destination, the more it will open up, and the more it will be active, powerful and intense. Consciousness when finding its natural field of action, its natural roots and natural harmony, is able to regain its cosmic power again.

Freedom of Thought
It is important to point out that the suggested inductive model for the generation of consciousness offers a way for the ‘freedom of thought’. The laws of the complete, original electromagnetism of Maxwell (1892) are richer and more correct than their simplified forms presented by Heaviside and Gibbs, known as Maxwell-equations, valid only within special conditions. Recently, Cornille (1995) pointed out that “the presence of the Ampere-force in the complete EM implies that a charged capacitor can accelerate its centre of mass without external help if it has an absolute motion with respect to ether.” One can expect that spontaneous effects may be induced by the Lorentz force. I suggest that this spontaneity may be related to the observed spontaneous phenomena in the inorganic and organic world, especially in the collective fields of consciousness, where spontaneous induction may regularly occur.

Source: The Physics of Collective Consciousness, by Attila Grandpierre

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Proof for Homeopathy

Apr 23

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If you are a open-minded man or woman then you will love John Benneth.
But if you are a member of the pseudoskeptic community, deeply immersed in dogmatic teaching, a closed minded ape, then you should leave this website, because the owner of this website is a homeopath too and a great fan of Mr. Benneth! ;)

John has done a great work by creating a immense collection of reports that proofs that homeopathy really works. Take a look and if you are a homeopath too send this link of his homepage to everybody.

Link: Proof for Homeopathy

Water is able to store information and this special ability of water is essential for life.

My favorite is A REPORT ON “A PHYSICAL DEMONSTRATION OF THE REAL EXISTENCE OF THE HOMEOPATHIC REMEDY” by Alphonse Gay and Jean Boiron

In 1951 Alphonse Gay demonstrated that microdilutions have dielectric indices which differ from their liquid vehicles and are specific both for the substances in dilution as well as for the degree of dilution. His apparatus consisted of “a type of capacitance, a mercury armature and a dielectric easily interchangeable . . . introduced in circuit with a galvanometer.”

The changes in capacitance of the various microdilutions were recorded as fluctuations of the galvanometer from zero. He obtained sinusoidal curves for microdilutions ranging up to 10 to the 60th power of Strychnos nux vomica, Pulsatilla nigricans, Lycopodium clavatum, Cinchona officinalis, Ignatia amara, Castoreum, Moschus, sodium chloride and Sepia officinalis.

In 1952 Gay and Boiron reported the result of a series of exhaustive investigations into the action of microdilutions . In a comparison between the capacitance of distilled water and sodium chloride, carried through identical stages of dilution to 10 to the sixtieth power, both dilutions gave sinusoidal curves which approximated each other fairly closely except that at 10 to the 26th, 38th and 54th power they were in direct opposition.

In addition they found that “Ohms law is not applicable for microdilutions . . . that the electrical resistance is not linear for frequencies between 1.050 and 2.650 periods per second.”

In 1953 Gay extended his work in collaboration with Jean Boiron. Using the same apparatus, in 100 out of 100 attempts they were able to distinguish a flask containing sodium chloride, diluted out 10 to the 54th power, (which by my reckoning is the same as 27c and is well beyond Avogadro’s limit -j.b.) from six other identical flasks containing distilled water.

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Collective EM field of Human Subjects

Apr 23

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The pattern of organization
Burr (1935) formulated a concept that EM fields organise the living processes. “The pattern of organization of any biological system is established by a complex electrodynamic field which is, in part, determined by its atomic physiochemical components and which, in part, determines the behavior and orientation of those components. More than establishing pattern, it must maintain pattern in the midst of a physiochemical flux. Therefore, it must regulate and control living things, it must be the mechanism, the outcome of whose activity is ‘wholeness’, organization, and continuity.”

Burr (1956) measured the relatively steady-state standing potential of a tree for more than a decade. The potential shows diurnal, monthly, and seasonal variations of considerable interest and, over the years, and suggested a correlation with sunspot activity. It has been adequately demonstrated that a living organism, a tree, is an electric system, exhibiting all the properties of an electric field. It is remarkable that in its most fundamental electromagnetic regulation the cosmic effects appeared so pronouncedly.

Ravitz (1962) was able to show, by working out 50 000 field determination on some 500 human subjects at Yale, Duke, and University of Pennsylvania Schools of Medicine, that “the variations of the EM fields of the human subjects provide an objective profile of similar variations in the feeling and behaviour states, and open the door to both long- and short-range predictions in time. Electrocyclic phenomena seem to be governed both by exogenous and endogenous factors. Primacy of the exogenous component is suggested, however, not only by plotting similar field excursions on diverse representatives of the plant and animal kingdoms within the same intervals, but also by demonstrating parallelisms between simultaneously recorded atmospheric, earth, and tree potential differences.”

Bioelectromagnetism
Biological organisms show extreme sensitivity for external EM signs, as the new branch of science, bioelectromagnetism has discovered (see the references above, Sect. V.). Recently, Kuznetsov (1982) reviewed the results of laboratory experiments with synchronous yeast cells Candida Utilis. “The presence of external rhythms’ influence on the yeast cells growth in a batch cultivation system was established. The results of statistical processing of the experimental data showed the statistically significant presence of 160.009± 0.006-minute oscillations in the variability of the specific growth rate of the yeast population. The fact testifies in favour of the 160.01-minute global solar oscillations influence on the Candida Utilis growth rate.” These oscillations were independently discovered in 1976 by two solar research groups in Crimea and Birmingham. Their results pointed out that the solar surface shows oscillations with a 160-minute period. Arguments proving the existence of this period in solar oscillations are given by Kotov (1995). The amplitude of this oscillation is low, only 1 m/s, changing permanently. The origin of this oscillation, contrary to the 5-minute oscillations, is not known, and inexplicable by the standard solar model (Kotov, 1985).

Schumann waves and the Human Brain
It is well known, that the ionosphere and the surface of the Earth form a cavity for the electromagnetic waves, therefore every electromagnetic disturbance in its attenuation may be transformed into a standing wave determined by the size of cavity (Schumann and König, 1954). The standing terrestrial electromagnetic waves, termed as Schumann waves, have a characteristic frequency of 7.5 Hz, coinciding with the range of the most creative brain EEG frequencies, a -waves, which are produced also in the REM phase of sleep. Moreover, the time characteristics of Schumann oscillations and the EEG a -rhythm, as well as storm-related fluctuations of electric field and the EEG d -rhythm show a noticeable similarity in their temporal variations (König, 1989). These circumstances may substantiate a hypothesis that human brains/minds are able to interact with the information field of the terrestrial organic self-maintaining system.

Consciousness is not limited inside the brain as discoveries in bioelectromagnetism suggests.

The natural sources of Collective Consciousness Fields
Human consciousness fields primarily interact at the a-level in frequencies around 7.5 Hz, therefore the creative state of mind is the same one as the most influential source of the collective consciousness field. Moreover, the human a-field interacts with the earthly a-field, with the Schumann waves. The b-field, the field of awake consciousness, in the present societies seems to be largely inactivated and, in contrary to the alpha-field, does not form an effective collective consciousness field. The reason for this anomaly is that the awake state is not in a continuous resonance with the a-field, as a result of the schism of breaking our mind into two antagonistic parts (see Grandpierre, E. K., this volume). This psychic anomaly is the factor behind the sporadic and low-level ESP abilities of the Homo sapiens sapiens. Inactivated information fields can only be actualised if consciousness turns against its deeper generating levels. The b-field of individuals is generally in an extraordinarily low-intensity state because most part of its energy is consumed in the repression of the deep-mind. Nevertheless, the way in which we can reach healthier consciousness fields is the development of the high-intensity b-field, which is filled with the powers of the deeper mind levels in a natural resonance. The d-and J -fields are related to cosmic electromagnetic wave fields (Grandpierre, A., 1996d). The natural sources of collective consciousness fields are the plants, animals, (non-manipulated) humans, the Earth, and, through the cosmic interface of the Earth, the magnetosphere, the Moon and the Sun, and, through the heliosphere, the whole Galaxy and Universe. Exploring and understanding the working of consciousness may help in tuning to its natural, more powerful sources, regaining a harmony between its main constituents, and opening a perspective to the experimental exploration of collective consciousness fields.

Source: The Physics of Collective Consciousness, by Attila Grandpierre

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Schumann Resonances

Apr 23

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The Schumann resonances (SR) are a set of spectrum peaks in the extremely low frequency (ELF) portion of the Earth’s electromagnetic field spectrum. Schumann resonances are global electromagnetic resonances, excited by lightning discharges in the cavity formed by the Earth’s surface and the ionosphere.

Description
This global electromagnetic resonance phenomenon is named after physicist Winfried Otto Schumann who predicted it mathematically in 1952. Schumann resonances occur because the space between the surface of the Earth and the conductive ionosphere acts as a closed waveguide. The limited dimensions of the Earth cause this waveguide to act as a resonant cavity for electromagnetic waves in the ELF band. The cavity is naturally excited by electric currents in lightning. Schumann resonances are the principal background in the electromagnetic spectrum beginning at 3 Hz and extend to 60 Hz, and appear as distinct peaks at extremely low frequencies (ELF) around 7.86 (fundamental), 14.3, 20.8, 27.3 and 33.8 Hz.

Atmosphere

In the normal mode descriptions of Schumann resonances, the fundamental mode is a standing wave in the Earth–ionosphere cavity with a wavelength equal to the circumference of the Earth. This lowest-frequency (and highest-intensity) mode of the Schumann resonance occurs at a frequency of approximately 7.86 Hz, but this frequency can vary slightly from a variety of factors, such as solar-induced perturbations to the ionosphere, which comprises the upper wall of the closed cavity. The higher resonance modes are spaced at approximately 6.5 Hz intervals, a characteristic attributed to the atmosphere’s spherical geometry. The peaks exhibit a spectral width of approximately 20% on account of the damping of the respective modes in the dissipative cavity. The eighth overtone lies at approximately 59.9 Hz.

Earth | Time Lapse View from Space, Fly Over | NASA, ISS from Michael König on Vimeo.

Observations of Schumann resonances have been used to track global lightning activity. Owing to the connection between lightning activity and the Earth’s climate it has been suggested that they may also be used to monitor global temperature variations and variations of water vapor in the upper troposphere. It has been speculated that extraterrestrial lightning (on other planets) may also be detected and studied by means of their Schumann resonance signatures. Schumann resonances have been used to study the lower ionosphere on Earth and it has been suggested as one way to explore the lower ionosphere on celestial bodies. Effects on Schumann resonances have been reported following geomagnetic and ionospheric disturbances. More recently, discrete Schumann resonance excitations have been linked to transient luminous events – sprites, elves, jets, and other upper-atmospheric lightning. A new field of interest using Schumann resonances is related to short-term earthquake prediction.

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Bioelectromagnetism

Apr 23

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Bioelectromagnetism (sometimes equated with bioelectricity) refers to the electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic fields produced by living cells, tissues or organisms. Examples include the cell membrane potential and the electric currents that flow in nerves and muscles, as a result of action potentials. ‘Bioelectromagnetism‘ is somewhat similar to bioelectromagnetics, which deals with the effect on life from external electromagnetism; yet such an effect also falls under the definition of ‘bioelectromagnetism‘.

Description
Biological cells use bioelectricity to store metabolic energy, to do work or trigger internal changes, and to signal one another. Bioelectromagnetism is the electric current produced by action potentials along with the magnetic fields they generate through the phenomenon of electromagnetism.

Biological organisms show extreme sensitivity for external EM signs, as the new branch of science, bioelectromagnetism has discovered.

Bioelectromagnetism is studied primarily through the techniques of electrophysiology. In the late eighteenth century, the Italian physician and physicist Luigi Galvani first recorded the phenomenon while dissecting a frog at a table where he had been conducting experiments with static electricity. Galvani coined the term animal electricity to describe the phenomenon, while contemporaries labeled it galvanism. Galvani and contemporaries regarded muscle activation as resulting from an electrical fluid or substance in the nerves.

Bioelectromagnetism is an aspect of all living things, including all plants and animals. Some animals have acute bioelectric sensors, and others, such as migratory birds, are believed to navigate in part by orienteering with respect to the Earth’s magnetic field. Also, sharks are more sensitive to local interaction in electromagnetic fields than most humans. Other animals, such as the electric eel, are able to generate large electric fields outside their bodies.

In the life sciences, biomedical engineering uses concepts of circuit theory, molecular biology, pharmacology, and bioelectricity. Bioelectromagnetism is associated with biorhythms and chronobiology. Biofeedback is used in physiology and psychology to monitor rhythmic cycles of physical, mental, and emotional characteristics and as a technique for teaching the control of bioelectric functions. Bioelectromagnetism is also used in certain touch screen technologies that don’t actually rely on “touch” but rather on recognizing the electromagnetic waves of body (e.g. the finger) when it comes close to the screen.

Bioelectromagnetism involves the interaction of ions. There are multiple categories of Bioelectromagnetism such as brainwaves, myoelectricity (e.g., heart-muscle phenomena), and other related subdivisions of the same general bioelectromagnetic phenomena. One such phenomenon is a brainwave, which neurophysiology studies, where bioelectromagnetic fluctuations of voltage between parts of the cerebral cortex are detectable with an electroencephalograph. This is primarily studied in the brain by way of electroencephalograms.

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